Biology · Cell Structure and Function

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (Hex-A), which is essential for the breakdown of certain lipids (gangliosides) in the brain and nerve cells. 

This option is incorrect. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for protein and lipid synthesis. While it plays a role in the production and transport of proteins, it is not directly linked to Tay-Sachs disease. ER malfunction is more commonly associated with disorders involving protein folding and transport.

This statement is correct. Glyoxysomes are plant-specific organelles that help convert stored fats into sugars through the glyoxylate cycle, particularly during seed germination. They are a type of peroxisome and are not found in humans. Therefore, they are not involved in human genetic disorders like Tay-Sachs disease, which affects lysosomal function.

This option is incorrect. Golgi bodies (or Golgi apparatus) are involved in modifying, packaging, and transporting proteins and lipids. Though important in cellular function, malfunction of Golgi bodies is not the primary cause of Tay-Sachs disease.

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme hexosaminidase A (Hex-A), which is essential for the breakdown of certain lipids (gangliosides) in the brain and nerve cells.