Chemistry · Acids, Bases and Salts

Buffer solutions are not used to predict the concentration of a substance. They are primarily used to maintain a stable pH. However, buffer solutions can be employed in certain analytical techniques, such as spectrophotometry, to ensure the accurate measurement of a substance's concentration by maintaining the desired pH conditions. Nonetheless, the buffer solution itself does not directly predict the concentration of the substance being analyzed.

Buffer solutions are commonly used for the calibration of pH meters. A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. By using a buffer solution with a known pH value, the pH meter can be calibrated to ensure accurate measurements.

Buffer solutions are often used to preserve biological specimens, such as tissues or cells, for laboratory analysis. These buffer solutions maintain the pH and ionic conditions necessary for the stability and integrity of the specimens, preventing degradation and preserving their structure.

Buffer systems play a crucial role in maintaining the pH balance in the human body, including the pH of blood. The bicarbonate buffer system, for example, helps regulate the pH of blood plasma by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions as needed to maintain a stable pH around 7.4.

Refer to pg# 187 of FTB, the uses of buffer solutions are mentioned under the heading of applications of buffer solutions. This way option D is the only option i.e. most appropriate. 

Buffer solutions are not used to predict the concentration of a substance. They are primarily used to maintain a stable pH. However, buffer solutions can be employed in certain analytical techniques, such as spectrophotometry, to ensure the accurate measurement of a substance's concentration by maintaining the desired pH conditions. Nonetheless, the buffer solution itself does not directly predict the concentration of the substance being analyzed.