Physics · Nuclear Physics

Beta rays are high-speed electrons or positrons that are emitted from the nucleus during beta decay. These electrons or positrons have a characteristic wavelength associated with their motion, known as the de Broglie wavelength.

Diffraction is a phenomenon in which waves bend around an obstacle and interfere with each other. When beta rays are diffracted through a crystal lattice, the diffraction pattern produced can be used to determine the wavelength of the beta rays.

Therefore, the wavelength of beta rays is measured by diffraction, making option D the correct answer.

Interference is a phenomenon that occurs when two or more waves meet and combine. While beta rays can exhibit wave-like behavior and interfere with each other, interference is not a direct method of measuring their wavelength. 

Polarization is the phenomenon where the oscillation of waves is restricted to a specific direction. It is not directly used for measuring the wavelength of beta rays. 

Absorption is the process by which the energy of beta rays is absorbed by a material as they pass through it. While absorption spectroscopy can provide information about the energy levels of beta rays, it is not the primary method for measuring their wavelength.  

Beta rays are high-speed electrons or positrons that are emitted from the nucleus during beta decay. These electrons or positrons have a characteristic wavelength associated with their motion, known as the de Broglie wavelength.

Diffraction is a phenomenon in which waves bend around an obstacle and interfere with each other. When beta rays are diffracted through a crystal lattice, the diffraction pattern produced can be used to determine the wavelength of the beta rays.

Therefore, the wavelength of beta rays is measured by diffraction, making option D the correct answer.