Identifying the Normative Statement Steps:

• Recall that positive statements describe facts verifiable by evidence, while normative statements express opinions or judgments.
• Examine each option for factual claims versus value-based assertions.
• Identify words like "most serious" that imply subjective evaluation.
• Select the option that relies on opinion rather than objective prediction.

Why B is correct:

• Normative statements involve value judgments; "most serious" is subjective, not empirically verifiable like economic laws.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Positive; subsidy effects follow supply curve shifts from economic theory.
• C: Positive; defines normal goods by income elasticity >0 per demand law.
• D: Positive; predicts behavioral response via incentive structures in labor economics.

Final answer: B