Short-run supply fixes technology and other non-variable factors

Steps:

• Recall short-run supply schedule shows quantity supplied at varying prices, holding other factors constant.
• Identify short-run constraints: some inputs (like capital) and technology remain fixed, while variable inputs (like labor) adjust.
• Eliminate options varying with price or demand: consumer numbers and input quantities change.
• Confirm fixed element: technology does not vary in short-run firm decisions.

Why D is correct:

• Per microeconomic theory, short-run supply derives from marginal cost curve above average variable cost, assuming constant technology as a fixed production factor.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Number of consumers influences market demand, not firm supply assumptions.
• B: Price of goods is the independent variable that changes along the supply schedule.
• C: Quantity of raw material inputs is a variable factor that firms adjust in the short run.

Final answer: D