Positive vs. Normative Statements Steps:

• Recall positive statements describe verifiable facts (what is), while normative statements express values or opinions (what ought to be).
• Examine each list for words tied to facts (e.g., is, was, actual, testable) versus values (e.g., should, ought, better).
• Assess dominance: Count factual indicators per list to find the one leaning toward positive statements.
• Select the list with the highest proportion of factual, testable terms.

Why D is correct:

• Positive statements are empirical and testable per economic/philosophical definitions; D's actual, fact, was, testable directly denote verifiability, outweighing ethics.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Dominated by normative terms like better, should, value indicating opinions over facts.
• B: Loaded with subjective elements like bias, opinion, tastes emphasizing personal views.
• C: Features value-based words like contestable, subjective, moral focused on debate, not facts.

Final answer: D