Wave Properties and Types

Steps:

• Define transverse waves: vibrations perpendicular to propagation direction.
• Define longitudinal waves: vibrations parallel to propagation direction.
• Evaluate options against these definitions and known wave behaviors.
• Identify the option that accurately describes transverse wave motion.

Why D is correct:

• By definition, transverse waves have particle vibrations perpendicular to the wave's energy propagation direction, as seen in light or water waves.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Only transverse waves (e.g., electromagnetic) travel through vacuum; longitudinal waves (e.g., sound) require a medium.
• B: Waves transfer energy, not matter; particles oscillate but do not move with the wave.
• C: Nodes and antinodes occur in standing waves, not progressive longitudinal waves, which have compressions and rarefactions.

Final answer: D