Identifying the incorrect statement on wave propagation

Steps:

• Define transverse waves as having particle oscillations perpendicular to propagation direction (e.g., light); longitudinal as parallel (e.g., sound).
• Assess option A: Longitudinal waves, like sound, diffract around obstacles, confirming diffraction capability.
• Assess option B: Longitudinal waves require a medium for propagation, unlike electromagnetic transverse waves.
• Assess options C and D: Transverse waves form stationary waves (e.g., guitar strings) and transfer energy without net matter displacement.

Why B is correct:

• Longitudinal waves need particles in a medium to compress and rarefy, but a vacuum lacks particles, preventing propagation (per wave medium requirement).

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Longitudinal waves exhibit diffraction, as sound bends around barriers.
• C: Transverse waves form stationary waves via interference in fixed mediums like strings.
• D: Transverse waves transfer energy through oscillating fields, as in electromagnetic radiation.

Final answer: B