Calibration corrects instrument biases in systematic errors

Steps:

• Define systematic errors as consistent biases from faulty instruments or methods, unlike random errors.
• Identify reduction methods: fix sources like poor calibration, not just averaging.
• Evaluate options: A and D address random errors via statistics; B targets instrument accuracy; C worsens precision.
• Select B as it directly eliminates the bias source.

Why B is correct:

• Systematic errors stem from instrument inaccuracies; calibration adjusts them to true values, per measurement theory.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Averages reduce random errors but propagate systematic biases.
• C: Smaller samples increase variability, not addressing systematic issues.
• D: Repetition helps random errors through averaging, not systematic ones.

Final answer: B