Kirchhoff's Voltage Law in the Circuit Loop

Steps:

• Identify the closed loop in the diagram containing V2 and V4.
• Apply KVL: the algebraic sum of potential differences around the loop is zero.
• Note that voltmeter readings are positive, but directions indicate V2 and V4 oppose each other.
• Conclude V2 + V4 = 0, as they cancel in the loop.

Why D is correct:

• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states the sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero, so opposing V2 and V4 sum to zero.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Assumes series addition for V1, but diagram shows parallel or loop configuration.
• B: Ignores V3 and misapplies series rule to V1.
• C: Reverses opposition; V3 not directly balancing V2 and V4.

Final answer: D