Archimedes' Principle for Floating Iceberg

Steps:

• The iceberg floats when buoyant force equals its weight: ρ_w * V_sub * g = ρ_i * V_total * g.
• V_total = A * H, where A is cross-sectional area; V_sub = A * (H - h).
• Substitute: ρ_w * A * (H - h) = ρ_i * A * H.
• Simplify: H - h = (ρ_i / ρ_w) H, so h = H (1 - ρ_i / ρ_w).

Why A is correct:

• It directly follows from equating displaced water weight to iceberg weight via Archimedes' principle.

Why the others are wrong:

• B: Gives submerged height, not exposed height.
• C: Ignores densities, yielding incorrect units.
• D: Inverts densities, implying sinking behavior.

Final answer: A