Polarization is unique to transverse waves

Steps:

• Transverse waves oscillate perpendicular to propagation; longitudinal waves oscillate parallel.
• Diffraction is bending of waves around obstacles, occurring in both wave types.
• Interference is superposition of waves, possible for both transverse and longitudinal.
• Polarization aligns wave oscillations in a specific direction, requiring transverse nature.
• Reflection is bouncing of waves off surfaces, common to both wave types.

Why C is correct:

• Polarization depends on the directional nature of transverse oscillations, as defined by the wave's electric field vector in electromagnetic waves.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Diffraction occurs in longitudinal waves like sound.
• B: Interference happens in both, e.g., sound beats.
• D: Reflection applies to both, e.g., echoes in sound.

Final answer: C