Distinguishing mass (inertia) from weight (gravitational force)

Steps:

• Define mass as the inherent property resisting changes in motion (inertia).
• Define weight as the downward force due to Earth's gravity on the object.
• Examine options for the sequence: first clause for mass, second for weight.
• Identify D as the only option matching both definitions correctly.

Why D is correct:

• Mass is the inertial property resisting acceleration (Newton's first law); weight is the gravitational pull, given by $W = mg$, where $g$ is acceleration due to gravity.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Momentum/velocity equals mass, but work lifting one meter relates to potential energy, not weight.
• B: Gravitational force defines weight, not mass; inertia defines mass, so order is reversed.
• C: Earth's pull defines weight; mass divided by $g$ yields a non-standard quantity, not weight.

Final answer: D