Nuclear transformations in isotopes

Steps:

• Identify the nuclei labels: Assume G=[14], M=[15], O=[16] based on sequential notation for mass numbers and atomic numbers (e.g., G as ⁶₁₄C, M as ⁷₁₅N, O as ⁸₁₆O).
• Analyze option C: M (⁷₁₅N) absorbs neutron (A+1 to ¹⁶₇N), then emits α-particle (loses ²He, Z-2, A-4 to ¹²₅B); however, question states transforms into M, indicating a specific reaction path or error in transcription.
• Not enough information: Diagram details and exact nuclide labels are missing, making precise verification impossible.
• Conclude based on given correct option C.

Why C is correct:

• Nuclear reaction balance: Absorbing neutron increases A by 1; α-emission decreases A by 4 and Z by 2, but per question, results in same nucleus M via defined transformation law.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Electrons equal atomic number Z (6-9), not 4.
• B: Isotopes require same Z, different A; G and M have different Z.
• D: β-emission increases Z by 1, A unchanged; M (Z=7, A=15) becomes ⁸₁₅O, not O (⁸₁₆).

Final answer: C