Force on electron opposes electric field direction

Steps:

• Determine electric field direction at X: points toward negative charge of dipole.
• Apply force formula F = qE, where q is charge.
• For electron, q < 0, so force direction reverses from E.
• Match reversed direction to choice D.

Why D is correct:

• D aligns with -E direction, per F = qE for negative q (Coulomb's law).

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Matches E direction, incorrect for negative charge.
• B: Perpendicular to E, violates force alignment with field.
• C: Opposite perpendicular, not matching -E.

Final answer: D