A Levels Physics (9702)•9702/12/M/J/19

Explanation
Energy conservation in bungee jumping
Steps:
- Gravitational PE is zero at lowest point, so at distance fallen x (0 to h), it equals mg(h - x), decreasing linearly from mgh to 0.
- Elastic PE is zero until rope stretches; then (1/2)k(y)^2 where y = x - L (L = unstretched length), increasing quadratically with extension.
- Total mechanical energy conserved: initial gravitational PE converts to elastic PE at lowest point.
- Graph vs. x shows linear gravitational decrease and quadratic elastic rise, meeting at x = h.
Why A is correct:
- Matches definitions: gravitational PE linear in height (PE = mgh), elastic PE quadratic per Hooke's law (PE = ½kx²).
Why the others are wrong:
- B: Elastic PE shown linear, violating Hooke's law quadratic dependence.
- C: Gravitational PE curved, ignoring linear relation to height.
- D: Energies don't sum to constant total, breaking conservation.
Final answer: A
Topic: Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy
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