Saponification or hydrolysis reaction

Steps:

• Identify Compound X as likely an ester or acid derivative based on reaction with excess dilute aqueous KOH.
• Recognize that dilute aqueous KOH promotes nucleophilic attack by hydroxide on the carbonyl group.
• Determine the products: carboxylate salt and alcohol from ester hydrolysis.
• Confirm excess base ensures complete reaction to soluble salt.

Why A is correct:

• A depicts the carboxylate potassium salt and alcohol, matching the hydrolysis product per the saponification mechanism.

Why the others are wrong:

• B shows no reaction, ignoring KOH's basic hydrolysis capability.
• C indicates acid formation, but excess base neutralizes to salt, not free acid.
• D suggests elimination products, typical of alcoholic KOH, not aqueous.

Not enough information on exact structure of X, but assumes standard ester.

Final answer: A