Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from reactants, like gas reactions on solid surfaces.

Steps:

• Define heterogeneous catalysis: catalyst and reactants in different phases, often solid surfaces catalyzing gas-phase reactions.
• Review options: identify phases of reactants and catalysts in each example.
• Check for phase mismatch: look for gas-phase reactions catalyzed by solid or surface-bound species.
• Match to known example: ozone depletion features surface reactions on ice particles.

Why B is correct:

• In ozone layer destruction, chlorine radicals form via heterogeneous reactions on polar stratospheric cloud surfaces (solid ice), releasing active Cl from gas-phase precursors, per stratospheric chemistry mechanisms.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Esterification uses sulfuric acid catalyst in liquid phase with liquid reactants—homogeneous.
• C: Atmospheric SO3 formation occurs via gas-phase reactions with OH radicals, not solid V2O5 (which is industrial)—homogeneous.
• D: NO2 catalyzes sulfuric acid formation in gas phase with gaseous SO2—homogeneous.

Final answer: B