Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules

Steps:

• Recall that phospholipids form cell membranes and consist of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group.
• Identify key properties: fatty acid chains are nonpolar (hydrophobic), while the phosphate head is polar (hydrophilic).
• Evaluate each option against this structure to find the accurate description.
• Confirm the option that matches the amphipathic nature essential for bilayer formation.

Why C is correct:

• Phospholipids are amphipathic, with hydrophobic tails (fatty acids) repelling water and hydrophilic heads (phosphate) attracting it, as defined by their molecular structure enabling membrane self-assembly.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Phospholipids have two fatty acids, which can be saturated or unsaturated, not specifically one saturated and two unsaturated.
• B: They have one phosphate group with ester bonds, not three phosphate bonds, and fatty acids vary in saturation.
• D: The phosphate group is hydrophilic and water-soluble, not hydrophobic.

Final answer: C