Tay-Sachs disease causes lysosomal enzyme deficiency leading to lipid buildup

Steps:

• Tay-Sachs is a genetic disorder lacking hexosaminidase A enzyme, which breaks down GM2 gangliosides.
• This enzyme normally functions in lysosomes to degrade lipids.
• Without it, undegraded lipids accumulate in cells, harming neurons.
• Other organelles handle different cellular tasks unrelated to this lipid degradation.

Why B is correct:

• Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes for breaking down macromolecules like lipids; in Tay-Sachs, the defective enzyme prevents this, causing buildup per lysosomal storage disease definition.

Why the others are wrong:

• A. Golgi body modifies and packages proteins/lipids but does not degrade them.
• C. Mitochondrion produces ATP via cellular respiration, unrelated to lipid breakdown.
• D. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids and detoxifies but lacks degradative enzymes for accumulated gangliosides.

Final answer: B