Monoclonal Antibody Production Process

Steps:

• Inject non-self antigen into a mammal to stimulate immune response and antibody production.
• Isolate B-lymphocytes from spleen; these differentiate into plasma cells secreting specific antibodies.
• Fuse B-lymphocytes with myeloma cancer cells to create immortal hybridoma cells.
• Select and culture hybridomas; they divide by mitosis to form antibody-secreting clones.

Why D is correct:

• Hybridoma cells form by fusing B-lymphocytes (not T-lymphocytes) with myeloma cells, as T-cells do not produce antibodies.

Why the others are wrong:

• A is correct: Antigen injection into a mammal (e.g., mouse) triggers antibody response.
• B is correct: Plasma cells, derived from B-lymphocytes, secrete specific antibodies against the antigen.
• C is correct: Hybridomas undergo mitosis to clonally expand and produce uniform antibodies.

Final answer: D