Temperature increases membrane permeability to pigment

Steps:

• Identify that pigment leakage occurs through the cell membrane, a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
• Recall that higher temperatures increase kinetic energy, affecting membrane components.
• Evaluate statement 1: It is incomplete and mentions enzymes diffusing pigment, which is incorrect as enzymes catalyze reactions, not transport pigment.
• Evaluate statements 2 and 3: Higher temperature denatures membrane proteins (disrupting tertiary structure) and increases bilayer fluidity, both allowing easier pigment diffusion.

Why B is correct:

• Statements 2 and 3 align with the fluid mosaic model, where heat disrupts protein structure and enhances phospholipid movement, increasing permeability per Fick's law of diffusion.

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes invalid statement 1 about enzymes.
• C omits valid statement 3 on bilayer fluidity.
• D omits valid statement 2 on protein structure.

Final answer: B