Classifying diseases by cause and transmission

Steps:

• Define genetic diseases as inherited via gene mutations, non-infectious if not spread person-to-person.
• Assess each option: match disease to cause (genetic/pathogen) and transmission (infectious/non-infectious).
• Identify sickle cell anemia as a genetic blood disorder from hemoglobin mutation.
• Confirm mismatches in other options based on medical facts.

Why C is correct:

• Sickle cell anemia results from a mutation in the HBB gene, causing abnormal hemoglobin; it is inherited, not contagious (per genetic disorder definitions).

Why the others are wrong:

• A: HIV/AIDS is caused by a virus (pathogen), making it infectious, not genetic.
• B: Lung cancer arises from cell mutations often due to environmental factors like smoking, but it is non-infectious, not primarily genetic in transmission.
• D: TB (tuberculosis) is caused by Mycobacterium bacteria (pathogen), making it infectious; it is not a form of anemia.

Final answer: C