Distinguishing Translation from Transcription

Steps:

• Identify translation as the ribosomal process decoding mRNA to form polypeptide chains via tRNA anticodons matching codons.
• Evaluate statement 1: Correct, as mRNA nucleotides dictate amino acid order through codon recognition.
• Evaluate statement 2: Incorrect, as this describes transcription, where RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from DNA.
• Evaluate statement 3: Incorrect, as anticodons bind mRNA via hydrogen bonds, while peptide bonds link amino acids in polypeptides.

Why C is correct:

• Translation's definition specifies mRNA as the template for amino acid sequencing, excluding DNA copying or bond misattributions.

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes statement 2, which is transcription, not translation.
• B includes statement 3, which confuses hydrogen bonds with peptide bonds.
• D includes both incorrect statements 2 and 3.

Final answer: C