A Levels Biology (9700)•9700/13/M/J/22

Explanation
Incorrect Ribosome Uniformity in Plant Cells Steps:
- Evaluate DNA packaging: prokaryotes use histone-like proteins, eukaryotes use true histones—both organize DNA.
- Assess organelle presence: prokaryotes lack ER, while eukaryotic plant cells have rough and smooth ER.
- Compare cell walls: prokaryotes use peptidoglycan for rigidity, plant cells use cellulose for structure.
- Examine ribosomes: prokaryotes have uniform 70S (~18-20 nm), but plant cells have mixed 80S (~25 nm) and 70S (~20 nm) types.
Why D is correct:
- Eukaryotic plant cells have 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts plus 80S in cytosol, violating the "all approximately 22 nm" claim per organelle definition.
Why the others are wrong:
- A: Prokaryotic DNA associates with histone-like proteins (e.g., HU), similar to eukaryotic histone association.
- B: Prokaryotes lack endoplasmic reticulum as they have no membrane-bound organelles.
- C: Prokaryotic walls contain peptidoglycan; plant eukaryotic walls contain cellulose.
Final answer: D
Topic: Cells as the basic units of living organisms
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