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A Levels Biology (9700)•9700/13/M/J/22
Question 5 from 9700/13/M/J/22

Explanation

Incorrect Ribosome Uniformity in Plant Cells Steps:

  • Evaluate DNA packaging: prokaryotes use histone-like proteins, eukaryotes use true histones—both organize DNA.
  • Assess organelle presence: prokaryotes lack ER, while eukaryotic plant cells have rough and smooth ER.
  • Compare cell walls: prokaryotes use peptidoglycan for rigidity, plant cells use cellulose for structure.
  • Examine ribosomes: prokaryotes have uniform 70S (~18-20 nm), but plant cells have mixed 80S (~25 nm) and 70S (~20 nm) types.

Why D is correct:

  • Eukaryotic plant cells have 70S ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts plus 80S in cytosol, violating the "all approximately 22 nm" claim per organelle definition.

Why the others are wrong:

  • A: Prokaryotic DNA associates with histone-like proteins (e.g., HU), similar to eukaryotic histone association.
  • B: Prokaryotes lack endoplasmic reticulum as they have no membrane-bound organelles.
  • C: Prokaryotic walls contain peptidoglycan; plant eukaryotic walls contain cellulose.

Final answer: D

Topic: Cells as the basic units of living organisms

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