Monoclonal antibodies targeting inflammatory cytokines treat rheumatoid arthritis

Steps:

• Rheumatoid arthritis involves autoimmune inflammation driven by cytokines like TNF-α.
• Effective monoclonal antibodies block these cytokines or their receptors to reduce joint damage.
• Review table: Antibodies 1, 4, and 5 target TNF-α or its receptor, inhibiting immune attack.
• Exclude 2 and 3, which target unrelated cells or cytokines not primary in RA treatment.

Why D is correct:

• D selects antibodies 1, 4, and 5, which align with standard RA therapies blocking TNF-α per clinical guidelines like those from the American College of Rheumatology.

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes 3, which targets a non-TNF cytokine ineffective for core RA mechanism.
• B omits 4, missing a key TNF receptor blocker.
• C omits 1 and includes 3, excluding a primary TNF inhibitor while adding irrelevant target.

Final answer: D