Saturated fatty acids have no carbon-carbon double bonds

Steps:

• Recall that saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chain.
• Examine each formula: look for the presence of "CH=CH" indicating a double bond.
• Caprylic acid (CH3(CH2)6COOH) and lauric acid (CH3(CH2)10COOH) show only (CH2) chains with no double bonds.
• Oleic acid and palmitoleic acid both include "CH=CH", confirming unsaturation.

Why A is correct:

• Caprylic and lauric acids' formulae lack double bonds, matching the definition of saturated fatty acids with fully hydrogenated single-bond chains.

Why the others are wrong:

• B includes oleic acid, which has a double bond (CH=CH).
• C includes palmitoleic acid, which has a double bond (CH=CH).
• D pairs two unsaturated acids, both with double bonds (CH=CH).

Final answer: A