Structural and Functional Features of Organelles and Prokaryotes

Steps:

• Statement 1 incorrect: Outer membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts are porous via porins but not fully permeable to all molecules; inner membranes are selectively permeable.
• Statement 2 correct: Prokaryotes and chloroplasts both contain 70S ribosomes as sites of translation.
• Statement 3 incorrect: Prokaryotes synthesize ATP in their single plasma membrane; mitochondria do so only in the folded inner membrane, not outer.
• Statement 4 correct: Prokaryotes and mitochondria both have circular DNA encoding genes for rRNAs, tRNAs, and proteins.

Why D is correct:

• D identifies statements 2 and 4, matching prokaryotic-like features in chloroplasts (ribosomes) and mitochondria (DNA) per endosymbiotic theory.

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes incorrect statements 1 and 3 on membrane permeability and ATP sites.
• B includes incorrect statement 1 on membrane permeability.
• C includes incorrect statement 3 on ATP synthesis locations.

Final answer: D