DNA Mutation Effects Analysis

Steps:

• Compare original and mutated DNA sequences to identify the mutation type, such as substitution or insertion.
• Translate both sequences using the genetic code to check for changes in mRNA and amino acids.
• Evaluate impacts on protein synthesis, including silent, missense, or nonsense mutations.
• Link molecular changes to possible phenotypic outcomes like no effect or altered function.

Why D is correct:

• Option D selects effects 2 (no amino acid change due to synonymous codon) and 3 (altered splicing from intron mutation), consistent with wobble hypothesis and splice site rules.

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes all effects, but 1 (frameshift) and 4 (premature stop) do not occur in a point substitution.
• B omits 3 and includes 4, ignoring no splicing impact.
• C excludes 3, missing the intronic mutation's regulatory effect.

Final answer: D