Molecules with ester, hydrogen, and disulphide bonds

Steps:

• Ester bonds link fatty acids to glycerol in phospholipids.
• Hydrogen bonds occur in polysaccharides like cellulose and proteins like antibodies.
• Disulphide bonds form between cysteine residues in proteins like antibodies.
• Option D includes phospholipids (ester), cellulose (hydrogen), and antibodies (disulphide and hydrogen).

Why D is correct:

• Phospholipids feature ester bonds in their glycerol-fatty acid structure; cellulose has hydrogen bonds between glucose chains; antibodies contain disulphide bridges stabilizing their structure.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: All proteins (amylase, haemoglobin, catalase) have hydrogen and disulphide bonds but lack ester bonds.
• B: Glycerol and glycogen have hydrogen bonds; collagen has hydrogen and disulphide, but none have ester bonds.
• C: Lipids have ester bonds; amylopectin has hydrogen bonds; antibodies have disulphide, but cellulose is absent, and lipids are too general without specifying phospholipids.

Final answer: D