ATP powers endergonic cellular processes

Steps:

• Recall ATP hydrolysis provides energy for reactions where ΔG > 0.
• Evaluate process 1: active transport requires ATP to move ions against concentration gradients.
• Evaluate process 2: anabolic synthesis (e.g., protein building) uses ATP to drive bond formation.
• Evaluate process 3: cellular respiration generates ATP through catabolic breakdown, not consumption.

Why B is correct:

• Processes 1 and 2 are endergonic and directly hydrolyze ATP, as defined in bioenergetics.

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes 3, but respiration produces ATP via electron transport chain.
• C includes 3 but omits 2, ignoring ATP's role in biosynthesis.
• D includes 3 but omits 1, overlooking ATP in membrane transport.

Final answer: B