Thermoregulation via evaporative cooling

Steps:

• Identify the problem: high body temperature requires heat loss mechanisms.
• Recall negative feedback in homeostasis: body activates processes to reduce heat.
• Evaluate options: focus on those promoting cooling, not heat generation or retention.
• Select the process that directly dissipates heat through evaporation.

Why C is correct:

• Sweating allows evaporation of water from skin, which absorbs heat and lowers body temperature per the principle of latent heat of vaporization.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Hair erector muscle contraction raises hair for insulation, trapping heat and worsening high temperature.
• B: Skeletal muscle shivering generates heat through metabolic activity, used for warming, not cooling.
• D: Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow to skin, conserving heat by limiting dissipation.

Final answer: C