Recombinant DNA Technology for Insulin Production

Steps:

• Recall the process: restriction enzymes isolate the human insulin gene from DNA.
• Confirm insertion: the gene is ligated into a bacterial plasmid, which is bacterial DNA.
• Verify transformation: the recombinant plasmid is inserted into bacterial cells to express insulin, not human cells.
• Evaluate statements: 1 and 2 match the process; 3 does not, as human cells are not involved.

Why 1 and 2 are correct:

• In genetic engineering, restriction enzymes (endonucleases) precisely cut DNA at recognition sites to excise genes, and ligation transfers the gene into bacterial vectors for expression (per molecular biology principles).

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes incorrect statement 3.
• B pairs correct 1 with incorrect 3.
• C selects only incorrect 3.
• D pairs correct 2 with incorrect 3.

Final answer: None of the options