Hormonal Regulation of Ovulation

Steps:

• Identify FSH role: stimulates ovarian follicle development, essential for ovulation.
• Identify estrogen and progesterone roles: high levels inhibit FSH and LH release via negative feedback, suppressing follicle maturation.
• Compare to fertility control: contraceptives use estrogen and progesterone to prevent ovulation; treatments use FSH to induce it.
• Match to options: D aligns with prevention via estrogen/progesterone and promotion via FSH.

Why D is correct:

• Estrogen and progesterone suppress gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and FSH/LH via hypothalamic-pituitary feedback, preventing ovulation; FSH directly stimulates follicles per ovarian cycle physiology.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: FSH promotes follicle growth and ovulation, not prevention.
• B: LH triggers the ovulation surge, so it promotes rather than prevents.
• C: LH induces ovulation; progesterone alone sustains pregnancy but does not promote ovulation.

Final answer: D