Gallbladder Removal Impairs Fat Digestion

Steps:

• Recall that the gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.
• Understand bile emulsifies fats in the small intestine, breaking them into smaller droplets for enzyme action.
• Note that without the gallbladder, bile flows directly from the liver, reducing its concentration and availability for fat digestion.
• Identify that this affects absorption of fat components like glycerol, not other nutrients.

Why C is correct:

• Bile emulsifies dietary fats into micelles, enabling lipase to produce monoglycerides and free fatty acids (including glycerol) for absorption; gallbladder removal limits this process, reducing glycerol uptake per the role of bile in lipid digestion.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Carbohydrate digestion relies on salivary and pancreatic amylase, unaffected by bile.
• B: Glycogen synthesis is a liver metabolic function independent of bile storage.
• D: Urine is produced and stored by kidneys, not the alimentary canal; this option confuses systems.

Final answer: C