Active Transport Requires Energy for Uphill Movement

Steps:

• Recall active transport definition: uses cellular energy to move substances against concentration gradient.
• Match statement 1: energy from respiration is required, which fits active transport.
• Match statement 5: movement from lower to higher concentration, defining active transport's direction.
• Eliminate statements 2, 3, 4: these describe passive processes like diffusion, not active transport.

Why B is correct:

• Active transport is defined as energy-dependent movement from low to high concentration, per cellular biology principles.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Includes 3 (downhill movement), which is diffusion, not active transport.
• C: Includes 2 (no energy) and 4 (uphill but passive phrasing), both incorrect for active transport.
• D: Includes 2 (no energy required), contradicting active transport's energy need.

Final answer: B