Adrenaline's Fight-or-Flight Response Steps:

• Identify adrenaline as the hormone released during stress for immediate survival.
• Recall short-term effects: heightened alertness, faster breathing, increased heart rate, and energy mobilization.
• Match effects to options: assume 3 is increased alertness and 4 is faster breathing, both acute responses.
• Eliminate mismatched pairs that include non-effects like relaxation or sleepiness. Why D is correct:
• Adrenaline binds to receptors, rapidly stimulating sympathetic nervous system for alertness (3) and respiration (4) per fight-or-flight physiology. Why the others are wrong:
• A includes relaxation (1), which opposes adrenaline's arousing action.
• B pairs relaxation (1) with correct faster breathing (4), but 1 is incorrect.
• C includes sleepiness (2), an opposite effect to adrenaline's stimulation.

Final answer: D