Fertilizers' benefits vs. environmental impacts

Steps:

• Identify primary advantage: fertilizers supply nutrients like nitrogen, boosting plant growth.
• Recognize key disadvantages: excess runoff causes water pollution (eutrophication); emissions add nitrogen compounds to air, harming ozone and climate.
• Scan options for one clear advantage paired with one true disadvantage.
• Match to C, as it links growth benefit to atmospheric nitrogen release.

Why C is correct:

• Fertilizers improve plant growth by enhancing nutrient uptake (advantage), but volatilization releases nitrogen oxides like N2O into air, contributing to greenhouse gases per atmospheric chemistry laws.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Both elements describe water pollution effects (deoxygenation causes aquatic damage), no advantage.
• B: Pairs growth advantage with aquatic damage (valid eutrophication issue), but misses air pollution focus in this context.
• D: Repeats C's phrasing, but context specifies C as the precise match; identical wording suggests redundancy.

Final answer: C