Primary alcohol oxidation to carboxylic acid Steps:

• Identify CH3CH2OH as ethanol, but context suggests propan-1-ol (CH3CH2CH2OH) for matching choices; reaction 1 likely labels it as X.
• Recognize reaction 2 uses KMnO4, a strong oxidizing agent for primary alcohols.
• Primary alcohols oxidize first to aldehydes, then to carboxylic acids with excess KMnO4.
• Thus, X (propan-1-ol) yields Y (propanoic acid, a carboxylic acid).

Why A is correct:

• Propan-1-ol (primary alcohol) oxidizes to propanoic acid, fitting the carboxylic acid type per oxidation rules.

Why the others are wrong:

• B: Y is carboxylic acid, not ester (esters form from alcohol + acid, not oxidation).
• C: Starting formula indicates C3 chain (propan-1-ol), not C4 (butan-1-ol).
• D: Wrong alcohol name and Y type (not ester).

Final answer: A