Matching purification methods to impurities removed

Steps:

• Identify filtration's role: passes water through barriers to trap suspended solids like dirt and particles.
• Identify activated carbon's role: adsorbs dissolved organic chemicals responsible for unpleasant odors and tastes.
• Identify chlorination's role: adds chlorine gas or compounds to kill harmful microbes like bacteria and viruses.
• Compare roles to options: only D assigns each method correctly.

Why D is correct:

• Filtration physically strains out solids (definition: mechanical separation of particles >0.1 microns), carbon adsorbs odor-causing organics (adsorption law: surface attraction of molecules), and chlorination oxidizes microbial cell walls (disinfection via hypochlorous acid formation).

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Filtration targets solids, not microbes; carbon targets odors, not solids; chlorination targets microbes, not odors.
• B: Filtration targets solids, not microbes; chlorination targets microbes, not solids.
• C: Carbon targets odors, not microbes; chlorination targets microbes, not odors.

Final answer: D