Gas Laws Governing Volume, Pressure, and Diffusion

Steps:

• Statement 1: Charles's Law states V ∝ T at constant pressure, so volume increases with temperature.
• Statement 2: Kinetic molecular theory shows higher temperature boosts average kinetic energy, increasing diffusion rate.
• Statement 3: Gay-Lussac's Law states P ∝ T at constant volume, so pressure increases with temperature, making the statement false.

Why B is correct:

• B selects statements 1 and 2, which follow Charles's Law and kinetic theory, excluding the false statement 3 per Gay-Lussac's Law.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Includes false statement 3.
• C: Includes false 3 and excludes true 2.
• D: Includes false 3 and excludes true 1.

Final answer: B