Accuracy of energy statements in chemical reactions

Steps:

• Statement 1 claims Ea is the maximum energy needed for reaction; however, Ea is defined as the minimum kinetic energy threshold for effective collisions, making this incorrect.
• Statement 2 describes energy absorption from surroundings to reach Ea, which can cool them in endothermic activation steps, aligning with collision theory, so correct.
• Statement 3 states bond formation is exothermic, as it releases energy per bond energy definitions, so correct.
• Only statements 2 and 3 hold, matching option C.

Why C is correct:

• C identifies 2 and 3 as true based on activation energy absorption and exothermic bond formation in thermodynamics.

Why the others are wrong:

• A includes false statement 1 while omitting true 3.
• B includes false 1 and omits true 2.
• D includes all three, but 1 is false.

Final answer: C