Identifying Oxidation in Conversions Steps:

• Define oxidation as loss of electrons, increase in oxidation number, or gain of oxygen/loss of hydrogen.
• Analyze conversion 1: It shows increase in oxidation state (e.g., alcohol to aldehyde), confirming oxidation.
• Analyze conversion 2: It involves gain of oxygen (e.g., aldehyde to carboxylic acid), confirming oxidation.
• Analyze conversion 3: It shows decrease in oxidation state (e.g., metal ion reduction), so no oxidation.

Why C is correct:

• Conversions 1 and 2 both increase oxidation states, matching the definition of oxidation.

Why the others are wrong:

• A omits 2, which is oxidation.
• B omits 1, which is oxidation.
• D includes 3, which is reduction, not oxidation.

Final answer: C