Desalination removes salt from seawater via evaporation and condensation

Steps:

• Define desalination as the process of extracting pure water from saline sources by eliminating dissolved salts.
• Review options: Identify which method targets salt removal rather than disinfection or particle filtering.
• Eliminate A and B, as they focus on sterilization without addressing salinity.
• Confirm D matches the core technique of vaporizing water to separate it from non-volatile salt.

Why D is correct:

• Distillation exploits the principle that water boils at 100°C to produce vapor, leaving salt behind, then condenses the vapor into salt-free liquid (based on differences in boiling points).

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Chlorination disinfects water by killing microbes but leaves salts intact.
• B: Boiling sterilizes by denaturing bacteria yet concentrates salts as water evaporates.
• C: Filtration traps suspended solids or large particles but cannot remove dissolved ions like sodium chloride.

Final answer: D