Matching Petroleum Fractions to Their Uses

Steps:

• Recall that petroleum fractionation separates crude oil into fractions by boiling point: gases, naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and bitumen from top to bottom.
• Identify each fraction's typical use based on molecular size and properties: lighter fractions for fuels, heavier for roads.
• Evaluate options by matching fraction names to standard applications in industry.
• Select the option where the fraction's use aligns with its real-world purpose.

Why D is correct:

• Paraffin (kerosene) is a middle distillate fraction used as a clean-burning fuel for heating and cooking, as defined in petroleum chemistry standards.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Bitumen is a heavy residue for road surfacing, not engine fuel due to its high viscosity.
• B: Diesel powers trucks and ships, while aircraft engines use kerosene for its lower freezing point.
• C: Naphtha is a light fraction for petrochemicals like plastics, not road surfaces which require bitumen.

Final answer: D