In series circuits, current is identical through all components

Steps:

• Identify the circuit: four resistors of R each in series with emf E forms a single loop.
• Calculate total resistance: equivalent resistance = R + R + R + R = 4R.
• Determine total current: I = E / total resistance = E / 4R.
• Conclude current flow: same current I passes through each resistor from left to right.

Why A is correct:

• Kirchhoff's current law requires identical current in series resistors, matching A's equal values.

Why the others are wrong:

• B: Shows varying currents, impossible in pure series without branches.
• C: Decreasing currents violate constant current in series path.
• D: Identical to A, but listed separately—likely a duplicate error.

Final answer: A