Vectors vs. Scalars in Physics

Steps:

• Recall that vectors have both magnitude and direction, while scalars have only magnitude.
• Examine option A: acceleration (changes in velocity with direction), displacement (distance with direction), velocity (speed with direction)—all vectors.
• Check other options for non-vector quantities: scalars like energy, mass, power, extension, and work lack direction.
• Confirm A as the only set where every quantity is a vector.

Why A is correct:

• Acceleration, displacement, and velocity are defined as vectors because they require direction in formulas like $\vec{v} = \frac{d\vec{s}}{dt}$ and .

Why the others are wrong:

• B: Chemical energy, mass, and power are scalars, measuring magnitude only.
• C: Extension and gravitational potential energy are scalars; only force is a vector.
• D: Kinetic energy and work are scalars; only weight (a force) is a vector.

Final answer: A