O Levels Physics (5054)•5054/12/O/N/23

Explanation
Critical angle in refraction at glass-air interface
Steps:
- Identify the ray inside the glass block incident on the glass-air boundary.
- Locate the angle of incidence where the refracted ray emerges at 90° to the normal (grazing the surface).
- Confirm this setup matches total internal reflection threshold.
- Label this angle as the critical angle per Snell's law: sin(c) = 1/n_glass.
Why D is correct:
- D marks the incidence angle in glass where refraction angle is 90°, defining the critical angle by Snell's law (n_glass * sin(i_c) = 1 * sin(90°)).
Why the others are wrong:
- A is the angle of incidence at entry, not at the critical boundary.
- B is the refraction angle in air, exceeding 90° is impossible.
- C is an internal angle unrelated to the glass-air interface.
Not enough information: Diagram not provided, assuming standard labeling.
Final answer: D
Topic: Refraction of light
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