Laws of Reflection and Refraction

Steps:

• Identify the incident ray approaching the glass surface at an angle.
• For reflection, the reflected ray must leave at the same angle to the normal as the incident ray.
• For refraction into glass (denser medium), the refracted ray bends toward the normal, reducing the angle.
• Compare diagrams to these rules: equal angles for reflection, bending toward normal for refraction.

Why D is correct:

• Diagram D obeys the law of reflection (i = r) and Snell's law, showing the refracted ray bent toward the normal in glass.

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Reflected ray angle does not equal incident angle, violating reflection law.
• B: Refracted ray bends away from normal, incorrect for light entering denser medium.
• C: No clear normal line or angles mismatch both laws.

Final answer: D