Wave Propagation in Media

Steps:

• Longitudinal waves involve particle motion parallel to propagation (e.g., sound); transverse waves involve perpendicular motion (e.g., light).
• Evaluate each statement by recalling wave requirements: longitudinal need a medium, transverse electromagnetic waves do not.
• Test A: frequency f = v/λ, where speed v differs between wave types.
• Test B, C, D: compare speeds and media compatibility.

Why D is correct:

• Water acts as a medium for both: longitudinal sound waves propagate via molecular compression, and transverse light waves via electromagnetic fields (per wave equation in fluids).

Why the others are wrong:

• A: Frequencies differ if speeds vary, as f = v/λ; no requirement for similarity.
• B: Only transverse electromagnetic waves travel at c ≈ 3×10^8 m/s; longitudinal waves like sound are much slower.
• C: Longitudinal waves require a medium and cannot propagate in vacuum; transverse electromagnetic waves can.

Final answer: D